Zitsulo zotumiza nthawi zambiri zimatchula za chitsulo cha nyumba zobisika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zikadakhala zopangidwa polingana ndi zofunikira za bungwe lomanga. Nthawi zambiri imalamulidwa, kukonzekera ndikugulitsidwa ngati chitsulo chapadera. Sitima imodzi imaphatikizaponso mbale zophera, zitsulo zowoneka bwino, etc.
Pakadali pano, makampani angapo achitsulo mdziko langa ali ndi zopanga, ndipo amatha kupanga zinthu zam'madzi molingana ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, monga United States, Japan, Germany, France.
| Dziko | Wofanana | Dziko | Wofanana |
| United States | Abs | Mbale | Ma ccs |
| Ku Germany | GL | Norway | D1 |
| 10 | BV | Jachin | Kdk |
| UK | LR |
(1) Zolemba Zosiyanasiyana
Chitsulo chomangira ng'ombe chimagawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi zokolola zochepa: Mphamvu zambiri zamphamvu ndi mphamvu zazikulu.
Mphamvu zambiri zamphamvu zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi gulu la China zimagawidwa m'magawo anayi: A, B, D, ndi E; Zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi gulu la China
| A32 | A36 | A40 |
| D32 | D36 | D40 |
| E32 | E36 | E40 |
| F32 | F36 | F40 |
(2) Zopangira makina ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Makina katundu ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ambiri amalimbikitsa zitsulo
| Kalasi yachitsulo | ZoperekaΣs (mpa) min | Kulimba kwamakokedweσb (MPA) | Mlengalengaσ%Min | 碳 c | 锰 mn | 硅 SI | 硫 s | 磷 p |
| A | 235 | 400-520 | 22 | ≤0.21 | ≥2.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 |
| B | ≤0.21 | ≥0.80 | ≤0.35 | |||||
| D | ≤0.21 | ≥0.60 | ≤0.35 | |||||
| E | ≤0.18 | ≥0.70 | ≤0.35 |
Makina opanga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala osokoneza bongo
| Kalasi yachitsulo | ZoperekaΣs (mpa) min | Kulimba kwamakokedweσb (MPA) | Mlengalengaσ%Min | 碳 c | 锰 mn | 硅 SI | 硫 s | 磷 p |
| A32 | 315 | 440-570 | 22 | ≤0.18 | ≥0.9-1.60 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 |
| D32 | ||||||||
| E32 | ||||||||
| F32 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |||||
| A36 | 355 | 490-630 | 21 | ≤0.18 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ||
| D36 | ||||||||
| E36 | ||||||||
| F36 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |||||
| A40 | 390 | 510-660 | 20 | ≤0.18 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ||
| D40 | ||||||||
| E40 | ||||||||
| F40 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 |
.
1. Kuwunikira satifiketi yapamwamba:
Fakitale yachitsulo iyenera kubweretsa katunduyo malinga ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchitoyo adagwirizana ndi mgwirizanowo ndikupereka satifiketi yapamwamba yoyambirira. Satifiketi iyenera kukhala ndi izi:
(1) Zofunikira;
(2) Nambala yojambulidwa ndi nambala ya satifiketi;
(3) Nambala ya ntchentche, mulingo waukadaulo;
(4) Mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi makina;
(5) Satifiketi yovomerezeka kuchokera ku gulu la gulu la anthu ndi siginecha.
2. Kuwunika kwathupi:
Popereka zitsulo zam'madzi, chinthu chakuthupi chizikhala ndi logo la wopanga, etc. makamaka:
(1) Chizindikiro chokomera anthu;
.
(3) Maonekedwe ake ndi osalala komanso osalala, opanda zilema.
Post Nthawi: Mar-16-2024