1. Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Katundu wofunikira wa makina nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa muzofunikira zogulira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Katundu wocheperako wa makina amaperekedwanso ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana yogwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi mtundu wa chinthucho. Kukwaniritsa katundu wofunikira wa makinawa kumasonyeza kuti chinthucho chapangidwa bwino malinga ndi dongosolo labwino. Mainjiniya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo molimba mtima m'mapangidwe omwe amakwaniritsa katundu wotetezeka komanso kupsinjika.
Kapangidwe ka makina ka zinthu zokulungidwa bwino nthawi zambiri kamakhala mphamvu yokoka, kupsinjika kwa yield (kapena kupsinjika koteteza), kutalika ndi kuuma kwa Brinell kapena Rockwell. Zofunikira pa bar, chubu, chitoliro ndi zolumikizira nthawi zambiri zimatchula mphamvu yokoka ndi kupsinjika kwa yield.
2. Mphamvu Yopangira Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zofewa, mphamvu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chomwe chimadulidwa ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri la mphamvu ya tensile. Mphamvu ya chitsulo chofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala 65-70% ya mphamvu ya tensile. Chiwerengerochi chimakhala 40-45% yokha m'banja la austenitic stainless.
Kuzizira kumagwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kukolola. Mitundu ina ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, monga waya wofewa wa kasupe, imatha kukonzedwa kuzizira kuti ikweze mphamvu ya kukolola kufika pa 80-95% ya mphamvu ya kukhwima.
3. Kusinthasintha kwa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Kuphatikiza kwa kuuma kwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kutalika/kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhale chosavuta kupanga. Ndi kuphatikiza kwamtunduwu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingawonongeke kwambiri pa ntchito monga kujambula mozama.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ngati % ya kutalika kwa zinthu zisanasweke panthawi yoyesa kukoka. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zolumikizidwa zimakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu. Ziwerengero wamba ndi 60-70%.
4. Kulimba kwa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Kulimba ndi kukana kulowa kwa pamwamba pa chinthucho. Oyesa kulimba amayesa kuzama komwe chida cholimba kwambiri chingakankhire pamwamba pa chinthucho. Makina a Brinell, Rockwell ndi Vickers amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chilichonse mwa izi chili ndi chida chosiyana cha mawonekedwe ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yodziwika. Chifukwa chake kusintha pakati pa masikelo osiyanasiyana ndi koyerekeza chabe.
Magiredi olimbitsa Martensitic ndi mvula amatha kulimba pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Magiredi ena amatha kulimba pogwiritsa ntchito ozizira.
5. Mphamvu Yolimba ya Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Mphamvu yokoka nthawi zambiri ndiyo yokhayo yomwe imafunikira kuti ipange zinthu za bar ndi waya. Mitundu yofanana ya zinthu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu yokoka pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu yokoka yomwe imaperekedwa ya zinthu za bar ndi waya imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza pambuyo popanga.
Waya wa kasupe umakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri ukapangidwa. Mphamvu yake yaikulu imaperekedwa ndi kuzizira komwe kumachitika mu kasupe wozungulira. Popanda mphamvu imeneyi, wayayo sungagwire ntchito bwino ngati kasupe.
Mphamvu zolimba kwambiri zotere sizikufunika kuti waya agwiritsidwe ntchito popanga kapena kuluka. Waya kapena chogwirira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zomangira, monga mabolt ndi zomangira, chimayenera kukhala chofewa mokwanira kuti mutu ndi ulusi zipangidwe koma chikhale cholimba mokwanira kuti chigwire ntchito bwino.
Mabanja osiyanasiyana a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana zokoka ndi kutulutsa. Mphamvu izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zophimbidwa zafotokozedwa mu Table 1.
Tebulo 1. Mphamvu yachizolowezi ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi annealed kuchokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | Mphamvu Yopereka | |
| Austenitic | 600 | 250 |
| Duplex | 700 | 450 |
| Ferritic | 500 | 280 |
| Martensitic | 650 | 350 |
| Kuuma kwa Mvula | 1100 | 1000 |
6. Katundu Wachilengedwe wa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
● Kukana dzimbiri
● Kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika
● Kupanga zinthu mosavuta
● Mphamvu Zapamwamba
● Kukongola kwapadera
● Ukhondo ndi kuyeretsa kosavuta
● Moyo wautali
● Yogwiritsidwanso ntchito
● Kuchepa kwa maginito
7. Kukana Kudzikundikira kwa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Zitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino. Ma alloy ochepa amatha kukana dzimbiri m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino. Ma alloy ambiri amakana dzimbiri chifukwa cha ma acid ambiri, ma alkaline solutions ndi chloride.
Kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium m'maselo ake. Kawirikawiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi chromium yosachepera 10.5%. Chromium yomwe ili mu alloy imapanga gawo lodziteteza lodziteteza loyera la oxide lomwe limapangidwa lokha mumlengalenga. Kudzichiritsa kwa gawo la oxide kumatanthauza kuti kukana dzimbiri kumakhalabe kosatha mosasamala kanthu za njira zopangira. Ngakhale pamwamba pake padulidwa kapena kuwonongeka, pamadzichiritsa lokha ndipo kukana dzimbiri kudzasungidwa.
8. Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri
Ma grade ena achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amatha kupirira kukula ndikukhalabe ndi mphamvu zambiri kutentha kwambiri. Ma grade ena amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko kutentha kwambiri.
Mphamvu Yaikulu ya Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Mapangidwe a zigawo ndi njira zopangira zinthu zitha kusinthidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino kuuma kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komwe kumachitika zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mozizira. Mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha izi zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopyapyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulemera ndi ndalama zichepe.
Jindalai Steel Group ndi kampani yotsogola pakupanga ndi kutumiza kunja zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pepala/mbale/chingwe/chitoliro. Yakhala ikukula kwa zaka zoposa 20 m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo pakadali pano ili ndi mafakitale awiri omwe amatha kupanga matani opitilira 400,000 pachaka. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, takulandirani kuti mutitumizireni lero kapena kupempha mtengo.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-19-2022
