Wopanga Zitsulo

Zaka 15 Zopanga Zopanga
Chitsulo

Chidule cha njira khumi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzimitsa

Pali njira khumi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozimitsa kutentha, kuphatikizapo sing'anga imodzi (madzi, mafuta, mpweya) kuzimitsa; wapawiri sing'anga kuzimitsa; kuzima kwa martensite; martensite graded quenching njira pansi pa Ms mfundo; bainite isothermal Kuzimitsa njira; njira zozimitsira pawiri; precooling isothermal kuzimitsa njira; kuchedwa kuzimitsa njira kuzimitsa; kuzimitsa kudziletsa kudziletsa; njira yothetsera utsi, etc.

1. Single sing'anga (madzi, mafuta, mpweya) kuzimitsa

Single-medium (madzi, mafuta, mpweya) kuzimitsa: Chogwirira ntchito chomwe chatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kozimitsidwa chimazimitsidwa munjira yozimitsa kuti chiziziritse kwathunthu. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yozimitsira ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo za carbon ndi alloy zitsulo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Sing'anga yozimitsa imasankhidwa molingana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, kuuma, kukula, mawonekedwe, etc.

2. Kuzimitsa kawiri sing'anga

Kuzimitsa kwapawiri-zapakatikati: Chogwiritsira ntchito chotenthetsera kutentha kozimitsa chimakhazikika choyamba kuyandikira malo a Ms mu sing'anga yozimitsa ndi mphamvu yoziziritsa yamphamvu, kenako imasamutsidwa kumalo oziziritsira pang'onopang'ono mpaka kuziziritsa mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda kuti ifike kuziziritsa kosiyanasiyana. osiyanasiyana kutentha ndipo ali Ndibwino Kufupi kuziziritsa kuzirala. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kapena zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha carbon high ndi alloy steel. Zitsulo za zida za kaboni zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zida zoziziritsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo madzi-mafuta, madzi-nitrate, mpweya wamadzi, ndi mpweya wamafuta. Nthawi zambiri, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yozizirira mwachangu, ndipo mafuta kapena mpweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yozizirira pang'onopang'ono. Mpweya sugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

3. Martensite graded kuzimitsa

Martensitic graded quenching: chitsulo ndi austenitized, ndiyeno kumizidwa mu madzi sing'anga (kusamba mchere kapena alkali kusamba) ndi kutentha pang'ono apamwamba kapena otsika pang'ono kuposa chapamwamba Martensite mfundo ya chitsulo, ndipo anakhalabe kwa nthawi yoyenera mpaka mkati ndi kunja kwa zigawo zazitsulo Pambuyo pazigawo zikufika kutentha kwapakati, zimatengedwa kuti ziziziritsa mpweya, ndipo supercooled austenite imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala martensite panthawi yozimitsa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zofunikira zowonongeka. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozimitsa zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri komanso zida zachitsulo zachitsulo ndi nkhungu.

4. Martensite graded quenching njira pansipa Ms mfundo

Martensite graded quenching njira m'munsimu Ms mfundo: Pamene kusamba kutentha ndi otsika kuposa Ms wa workpiece zitsulo ndi apamwamba kuposa Mf, workpiece ozizira mofulumira mu kusamba, ndi zotsatira zomwezo monga graded quenching akadali analandira pamene kukula ndi yaikulu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zazikulu zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri.

5. Bainite isothermal quenching njira

Njira yozimitsa ya Bainite isothermal: Chogwiritsira ntchito chimazimitsidwa mubafa yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwachitsulo ndi isothermal, kotero kuti kusinthika kwapansi kwa bainite kumachitika, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumasungidwa mubafa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Njira ya bainite austempering ili ndi njira zitatu zazikulu: ① chithandizo chokhazikika; ② post-austenitizing kuzirala mankhwala; ③ bainite isothermal mankhwala; amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aloyi zitsulo, mkulu mpweya zitsulo zazing'ono kukula mbali ndi castings chitsulo ductile.

6. Njira yozimitsira pamodzi

Njira yozimitsira mophatikizira: choyamba muzimitsa chogwirira ntchito mpaka pansi pa Ms kuti mupeze martensite ndi gawo la voliyumu ya 10% mpaka 30%, ndiyeno isotherm m'chigawo chotsika cha bainite kuti mupeze zomangira za martensite ndi bainite zamagulu akulu agawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Aloyi chida zitsulo workpieces.

7. Precooling ndi isothermal kuzimitsa njira

Pre-kuzizira isothermal quenching njira: amatchedwanso Kutentha isothermal quenching, mbali poyamba utakhazikika mu kusamba ndi kutentha otsika (kuposa Ms), ndiyeno anasamutsidwa kusamba ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kuchititsa austenite kukumana isothermal kusintha. Ndi oyenera mbali zitsulo ndi osauka hardness kapena workpieces lalikulu kuti ayenera austempered.

8. Kuchedwa kuziziritsa ndi kuzimitsa njira

Njira yoziziritsira yochedwa: Zigawozo zimayamba kuzizidwa mumpweya, m'madzi otentha, kapena kusambitsa mchere mpaka kutentha kwapamwamba pang'ono kuposa Ar3 kapena Ar1, kenako kuzimitsa kamodzi kokha kumachitika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso makulidwe osiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo zimafuna kupunduka kochepa.

9. Njira yozimitsa ndi kudziletsa

Njira yozimitsira ndi kudziletsa: Chogwiritsira ntchito chonse chomwe chiyenera kukonzedwa chimatenthedwa, koma panthawi yozimitsira, gawo lokhalo lomwe limayenera kuumitsidwa (kawirikawiri gawo logwira ntchito) limamizidwa mumadzi ozizimitsa ndikukhazikika. Pamene mtundu wamoto wa gawo losamizidwa umatha, nthawi yomweyo mutulutse mumlengalenga. Yapakatikati kuzirala quenching ndondomeko. Njira yozimitsira ndi kudziletsa imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuchokera pachimake chomwe sichimazizira kwathunthu kuti chisamutsire pamwamba kuti chitenthe pamwamba. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kupirira mphamvu monga tchipisi, nkhonya, nyundo, ndi zina.

10. Utsi kuzimitsa njira

Njira yozimitsira utsi: Njira yozimitsa yomwe madzi amawathira pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Kuthamanga kwa madzi kungakhale kwakukulu kapena kochepa, malingana ndi kuya kwakuya kozimitsa. Njira yozimitsira kupopera sipanga filimu ya nthunzi pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito, motero kuonetsetsa kuti pali wosanjikiza mozama kuposa kuzimitsa madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzimitsa m'deralo.


Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-08-2024