Pali njira khumi zozimitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza kutentha, kuphatikizapo kuzimitsa kwa sing'anga imodzi (madzi, mafuta, mpweya); kuzimitsa kwapakati kawiri; kuzimitsa kwa martensite; njira yozimitsira ya martensite pansi pa mfundo ya Ms; njira ya bainite isothermal Quenching; njira yozimitsira ya compound; njira yozimitsira ya isothermal isanayambe kuzizira; njira yozimitsira yozizira mochedwa; njira yozimitsira yokha; njira yozimitsira yokha; njira yozimitsira yopopera, ndi zina zotero.
1. Kuzimitsa kwa sing'anga imodzi (madzi, mafuta, mpweya)
Kuzimitsa kwapakati pa chinthu chimodzi (madzi, mafuta, mpweya): Chogwirira ntchito chomwe chatenthedwa kufika kutentha kwa kuzimitsa chimazimitsidwa kukhala chogwirira ntchito kuti chiziziritse kwathunthu. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yozimitsira ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zachitsulo cha kaboni ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Chogwirira ntchito chozimitsira chimasankhidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kulimba, kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero za gawolo.
2. Kuzimitsa kwapakati kawiri
Kuzimitsa kwapakati kawiri: Chogwirira ntchito chomwe chimatenthedwa kufika kutentha kozimitsa chimazizidwa kaye kuti chifike pafupi ndi mfundo ya Ms mu chozimitsa chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira yamphamvu, kenako chimasamutsidwira ku chozimitsa choziziritsira pang'onopang'ono kuti chizire mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda kuti chifike kutentha kosiyanasiyana kozimitsa ndipo chimakhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri lozimitsa. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazigawo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kapena zogwirira ntchito zazikulu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri ndi chitsulo cha alloy. Zitsulo za zida za kaboni zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mafuta amadzi, nitrate yamadzi, mpweya wamadzi, ndi mpweya wamafuta. Nthawi zambiri, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chozimitsira choziziritsira mwachangu, ndipo mafuta kapena mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chozimitsira choziziritsira pang'onopang'ono. Mpweya sugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
3. Kuzimitsa kwa Martensite
Kuzimitsa kwa Martensitic: chitsulocho chimayikidwa mu austenit, kenako chimamizidwa mu sing'anga yamadzimadzi (bafa yamchere kapena bafa ya alkali) yokhala ndi kutentha kokwera pang'ono kapena kotsika pang'ono kuposa malo apamwamba a Martensite a chitsulocho, ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yoyenera mpaka malo amkati ndi akunja a zitsulozo. Zigawozo zikafika kutentha kwapakati, zimachotsedwa kuti ziziziritse mpweya, ndipo austenite yoziziritsidwa kwambiri imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala martensite panthawi yozimitsa. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zazing'ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zofunikira kwambiri pakusinthasintha. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pozimitsa zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri komanso zida zachitsulo zosungunuka kwambiri komanso nkhungu.
4. Njira yozimitsira ya Martensite yoyesedwa pansi pa mfundo ya Ms
Njira yozimitsira ya Martensite yocheperako: Pamene kutentha kwa bafa kuli kotsika kuposa Ms kwa chitsulo chogwirira ntchito komanso kokwera kuposa Mf, chitsulocho chimazizira mwachangu mu bafa, ndipo zotsatira zomwezo monga kuzimitsira kwa graded zitha kupezekabe ngati kukula kwake kuli kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zolimba pang'ono.
5. Njira yozimitsira kutentha kwa bainite
Njira yozimitsira ya bainite isothermal: Chogwirira ntchito chimazimitsidwa m'bafa yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwa bainite kwa chitsulo ndi isothermal, kotero kuti kusintha kwa bainite kotsika kumachitika, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumasungidwa m'bafa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Njira yozimitsira ya bainite ili ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu: ① chithandizo cha austenitizing; ② chithandizo choziziritsa pambuyo pa austenitizing; ③ chithandizo cha bainite isothermal; chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chitsulo cha alloy, zitsulo za carbon zambiri zazing'ono komanso zoponyera chitsulo cha ductile.
6. Njira yozimitsira zinthu pamodzi
Njira yozimitsira zinthu mophatikizana: choyamba chotsani chogwirira ntchito mpaka pansi pa Ms kuti mupeze martensite yokhala ndi voliyumu ya 10% mpaka 30%, kenako isotherm m'dera lotsika la bainite kuti mupeze martensite ndi kapangidwe ka bainite pazigawo zazikulu zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zachitsulo za Alloy.
7. Njira yoziziritsira isanaziziritsidwe komanso njira yozimitsira kutentha kwambiri
Njira yoziziritsira isothermal isanayambe kuzizira: yomwe imatchedwanso kuti heating isothermal quenching, zigawozo zimazizidwa kaye mu bafa yokhala ndi kutentha kotsika (koposa Ms), kenako zimasamutsidwira ku bafa yokhala ndi kutentha kokwera kuti austenite isinthe isothermal. Ndi yoyenera zigawo zachitsulo zomwe sizili zolimba bwino kapena zogwirira ntchito zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino.
8. Njira yoziziritsira ndi kuzimitsa mochedwa
Njira yoziziritsira yozizira mochedwa: Zigawozo zimazizidwa kaye mu mpweya, madzi otentha, kapena kusamba ndi mchere mpaka kutentha kokwera pang'ono kuposa Ar3 kapena Ar1, kenako kuzimitsa kwapakati kamodzi kumachitika. Nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso makulidwe osiyanasiyana m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimafuna kusintha pang'ono.
9. Njira yozimitsa ndi kudziletsa
Njira yozimitsira ndi kudzilimbitsa: Chogwirira ntchito chonse chomwe chikuyenera kukonzedwa chimatenthedwa, koma panthawi yozimitsa, gawo lokhalo lomwe likufunika kulimba (nthawi zambiri gawo logwira ntchito) limamizidwa mumadzimadzi ozimitsa ndikuzizidwa. Mtundu wa moto wa gawo losamizidwa ukatha, nthawi yomweyo utulutse mumlengalenga. Njira yozimitsira yapakati. Njira yozimitsira ndi kudzilimbitsa imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuchokera pakati komwe sikunaziziritsidwe kwathunthu kuti kusamutsire pamwamba kuti kuziziritse pamwamba. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popirira kugwedezeka monga ma chisel, nkhonya, nyundo, ndi zina zotero.
10. Njira yozimitsira ufa
Njira yothira madzi: Njira yothira madzi momwe madzi amathira pa workpiece. Madzi amatha kuyenda kwambiri kapena pang'ono, kutengera kuzama kofunikira kwa workpiece. Njira yothira madzi siimapanga filimu ya nthunzi pamwamba pa workpiece, motero imatsimikizira kuti pali wosanjikiza wolimba kwambiri kuposa madzi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pothira madzi pamalopo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-08-2024
