Magulu atatu a chithandizo cha kutentha kwachitsulo

Njira zochizira kutentha kwachitsulo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: chithandizo cha kutentha kwathunthu, chithandizo cha kutentha pamwamba ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mankhwala. Kutengera kutentha kwa sing'anga, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi njira yozizira, gulu lirilonse likhoza kugawidwa m'njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha, zitsulo zomwezo zimatha kupeza mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo motero zimakhala ndi katundu wosiyana. Chitsulo ndizitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, ndipo microstructure yachitsulo ndizovuta kwambiri, choncho pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zopangira kutentha kwazitsulo.

Kutentha kwachinthu chonse ndi njira yochizira kutentha kwachitsulo yomwe imatenthetsa ntchito yonseyo kenako ndikuyizizira pa liwiro loyenera kuti isinthe mawonekedwe ake onse. Kutentha kwazitsulo zonse kumaphatikizapo njira zinayi zofunika: annealing, normalizing, quenching ndi tempering.

1.Kusokoneza

Annealing ndikutenthetsa chogwiriracho kuti chizizizira koyenera, kutengera nthawi yogwira mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake, ndikuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti mkati mwachitsulo chifike kapena kuyandikira chikhalidwe chofanana, kapena kumasula kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kunapangidwa kale. Pezani magwiridwe antchito abwino ndi magwiridwe antchito, kapena konzani dongosolo kuti lizimitsidwenso.

2.Kukhazikika

Normalizing kapena normalizing ndi kutentha workpiece ndi kutentha koyenera ndiyeno kuziziziritsa mu mlengalenga. Zotsatira za normalizing ndizofanana ndi annealing, kupatulapo kuti mawonekedwe omwe apezeka ndi abwino. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zida, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Osati zigawo mkulu monga chomaliza kutentha mankhwala.

3.Kuzimitsa

Kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ndi kusunga workpiece, ndiyeno mwamsanga kuziziritsa mu quenching sing'anga monga madzi, mafuta kapena ma inorganic mchere njira, organic amadzimadzi njira.

4.Kutentha

Pambuyo kuzimitsa, chitsulo chimakhala cholimba koma nthawi yomweyo chimakhala chosasunthika. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa zitsulo zazitsulo, zitsulo zozimitsidwa zimasungidwa pa kutentha koyenera pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi pansi pa 650 ° C kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiyeno zitakhazikika. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa tempering. Kuwotcha, normalizing, kuzimitsa, ndi kutentha ndi "moto unayi" mu chithandizo chonse cha kutentha. Zina mwa izo, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri.

"Moto Zinayi" wasintha njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana komanso njira zoziziritsira. Pofuna kupeza mphamvu inayake ndi kulimba, njira yophatikizira kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kumatchedwa quenching ndi kutentha. Ma aloyi ena atazimitsidwa kuti apange yankho lolimba la supersaturated, amasungidwa kutentha kapena kutentha pang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali kuti apititse patsogolo kuuma, mphamvu kapena mphamvu zamagetsi za alloy. Njira yochizira kutenthayi imatchedwa chithandizo chaukalamba.

Njira bwino ndi mwapafupi kaphatikizidwe kuthamanga processing mapindikidwe ndi kutentha mankhwala kupeza mphamvu zabwino ndi kulimba kwa workpiece amatchedwa mapindikidwe kutentha mankhwala; kutentha mankhwala anachita mu zoipa kuthamanga mpweya kapena zingalowe amatchedwa vakuyumu kutentha mankhwala, amene osati chimathandiza The workpiece sadzakhala oxidized kapena decarburized, ndi pamwamba pa workpiece ankachitira adzakhala yosalala ndi woyera, kuwongolera ntchito workpiece. Itha kukhalanso ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala ndi cholowera.

Pakalipano, ndi kukula kwaukadaulo wa laser ndi plasma, matekinoloje awiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zokutira zina zosavala, zosagwira kapena zotchingira kutentha pamwamba pa zitsulo wamba zopangira zitsulo kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ake. choyambirira workpiece. Njira yatsopanoyi imatchedwa kusintha kwapamwamba.