Kutha kwa zinthu zachitsulo kuti mupewe mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi zinthu zovuta kumatchedwa kuuma. Malinga ndi njira zosiyana zoyeserera komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kuvutikira kungakhale kolimba, kulimba, kulimba, kumangirira, kumangiriza, microurness ndikutentha kwambiri. Pali mitundu itatu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamatope: Brinell, Wokonda, ndi nyimbo zolimba.
A. Brinell Hardine (HB)
Gwiritsani ntchito mpira wachitsulo kapena mpira wa carbide wa m'mimba mwake kuti musindikize izi ndi gulu loyeserera (f). Pambuyo pa nthawi yokhazikika, chotsani mphamvu yoyeserera ndikuyezanso mainchesi (L) pa zitsanzo zapamwamba. Mtengo wa Brinell Harness ndi mawu omwe amapezeka pogawanitsa mphamvu yoyeserera ndi malo omwe ali nawo. Zofotokozedwa mu HBS (mpira wachitsulo), unit ndi n / mm2 (MPA).
Njira yowerengera ndi iyi:
Mu formula: F-Adokotala oyeserera adakhazikika pamwamba pa chitsulo, n;
D-m'mimba mwa mpira wachitsulo poyesa, mm;
d-pafupifupi mulifupi wa mawonekedwe, mm.
Kukula kwa brinell kuuma ndikolondola komanso zodalirika, koma nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zoyenera pazitsulo pansipa 450n / Mm2 (MPA), ndipo sioyenera mbale zowonda. Pakati pa miyeso yachitsulo, miyezo ya Brinell Hardina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ma diameter diameter d nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwuma kwa zinthuzo, zomwe zili zofunikira komanso zosavuta.
Chitsanzo: 120Sby10 / 1000130: Zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa Brinell Hurine umayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la 10mmm (9.807kf (9,807kk) la 30s (masekondi) ndi 120n / MMP2.
B. Sertive Hardness (HR)
Kuyesa kwamphamvu, monga kuyesa kwa Brinoll kulimbikira, ndi njira yoyesera. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti kumadzichepetsa kuya kwa mawonekedwe. Ndiye kuti, mwadongosolo machitidwe oyambira oyeserera (fo) ndi gulu lonse la mayeso (f), inonenter (connthe kapena mpira wachitsulo wa mphero) imakanikizidwa kumtunda kwa zitsanzo. Pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe ilipo, mphamvu yayikulu imachotsedwa. Kuyesa, gwiritsani ntchito zoyeserera zoyezera zotsalazo (e) kuwerengera mawonekedwe owuma. Mtengo wake ndi chiwerengero chosadziwika, choyimiriridwa ndi chizindikiro cha HR, ndi mamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masikelo 9, kuphatikizapo a, a B, ndi C, ndi C, ndi HRB, ndi HRB.
Mtengo wovuta umawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi:
Mukamayesa ndi masikelo a ndi Cr, hr = 100 e
Mukamayesa ndi Bruna, HR = 130-e
Mu fomula, e - zotsalazo zowonjezera zimafotokozedwa mu chipangizo cha 0.002mm, ndiye kuti, pomwe, pomwe njira imodzi ya inforal ndi gawo limodzi (0,002mm), ndizofanana ndi nambala imodzi. Kukula kwakukulu, kumachepetsa kuuma kwa chitsulo, komanso mosemphanitsa.
Kukula kwa masikelo atatu omwe ali pamwambawa ndi awa:
HRA (Diamondi Connenter) 20-88
HRC (diamondi cluenter) 20-70
HRB (mulifupi)
Kuyesedwa kwa Hardleern Khalidwe lolimbana limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zitsulo kuchokera ku zofewa kwambiri. Zimapanga zophophonya za njira ya Brinell. Ndizosavuta kuposa njira ya Brinell ndipo mtengo wolimba umatha kuwerengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pakuyimba kwamakina olimba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuperewera kwake pang'ono, kufunikira kwake sikulondola monga njira ya Brinel.
C. VICRNE BRONECE (HV)
Kuyesedwa kwa Hickers kulinso njira yoyeserera. Imasindikizira ma pyramidal pyramidal intergenter yokhala ndi mbali ya 1360 pakati pa malo oyeserera kuti muyesedwe pamayeso osankhidwa (f), ndikuchotsa pambuyo pake. Mphamvu, yeretsani kutalika kwa diagonils awiri azomwe akuwonekera.
Mtengo wovuta ndi wogwira ntchito ndi mawu oyeserera omwe amagawidwa ndi malo okhalamo. Njira yake yowerengera ndi:
Mu fomu: HV-vackers hard chizindikiro, N / MM2 (MPA);
Force Force, N;
D-the, arithmetic imatanthawuza maulendo awiri azomwe akuwonetsa, mm.
Mayeso a Force F OGWIRITSA NTCHITO HICKE Hickene ndi 5 (49.03), 10 (98,07), 30 Mtengo wovuta ungayesedwe pamlingo ndi 5 ~ 1000hv.
Mwachitsanzo
Njira yolumikizira imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuuma kwa zinthu zowonda kwambiri komanso zigawo zapamwamba. Ili ndi zabwino kwambiri za brinell ndi ntchewa njira ndi zimathetsa zolakwa zawo zazikulu, koma sizophweka monga njira yokhazikika. Njira ya Vickers simagwiritsidwa ntchito mu miyeso yachitsulo.
Post Nthawi: Apr-03-2024