Chitsulo cha kaboni chosalala ndi chitsulo chachitali, chosalala, chozungulira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kotentha kapena kuzizira. M'lifupi mwake ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa makulidwe ake, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zitsulo za sikweya kapena zozungulira. Mawu akuti "chitsulo cha kaboni" akusonyeza kuti chinthu chachikulu chopangira alloying ndi kaboni, chomwe chili ndi zinthu zina zochepa monga manganese, silicon, ndi sulfure. Kuchuluka kwa kaboni (kuyambira 0.05% mpaka kupitirira 1.0%) kumakhudza mwachindunji kuuma, mphamvu, kusinthasintha, ndi kusinthasintha kwa chitsulo chachitsulo.
Kugubuduza kozizira kumachitidwa pansi pa kutentha kwa recrystallization. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika kutentha kwa chipinda, ngakhale nthawi zina chitsulo chimatenthedwa pang'ono kuti chichepetse zovuta zokonza, koma kutentha kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwa kutentha.
Kuzungulira kozizira nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto. Pambuyo pokonza pamwamba monga kupukuta, chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto chimayikidwa mu mphero yoziziritsa kuti chizizunguliranso. Pakuzungulira kozizira, chitsulocho chimachepa kwambiri ndipo kulondola kwake kwa miyeso ndi ubwino wake pamwamba zimawonjezeka chifukwa cha kufinya kwa miyeso kutentha kwa chipinda. Chifukwa kuzungulira kozizira kumachitika pa kutentha kochepa, kuuma kwa ntchito ya chitsulocho kumakhala koonekera bwino, kumafuna kulowetsedwa kwapakati ndi njira zina zothandizira kuti chibwezeretse pulasitiki yake. Pambuyo polimbitsa ntchito, chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto chimawonetsa mphamvu yowonjezera, koma kulimba kwake ndi kulimba kwake kumachepa pang'ono. Chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto chimapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba pamwamba komanso kulondola kwa miyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofunikira mawonekedwe apamwamba pamwamba komanso kulondola kwa miyeso.
Kugubuduza kotentha ndi njira yogubuduza yomwe imachitika pamwamba pa kutentha kwa recrystallization. Mipiringidzo yambiri yachitsulo cha carbon flat imapangidwira pogwiritsa ntchito kugubuduza kotentha. Kutentha kotentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 1100℃ mpaka 1250℃, pomwe chitsulocho chimakhala chofewa kwambiri kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupunduka ndi pulasitiki. Izi ndizotsika mtengo, zimapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kuyambira mainchesi 1/8 mpaka mainchesi 4 ndi mainchesi 12 m'lifupi.
Choyamba, chivundikiro chachitsulo chimatenthedwa kufika kutentha kwakukulu, kenako chimazunguliridwa kangapo kudzera mu mipukutu ingapo, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa makulidwe a chitsulocho pamene chikusintha mawonekedwe ake ndi miyeso yake. Pakuzunguliridwa kotentha, kapangidwe ka chitsulo kamasintha; kapangidwe koyambirira kamene kamapangidwa kamasandulika kukhala kapangidwe kotentha kozungulira kudzera mu kuzunguliridwa ndi kuzizira. Chitsulo chozunguliridwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi pamwamba pamphamvu ndipo chingakhale ndi malo monga chitsulo cha oxide. Chitsulo chozunguliridwa ndi kutentha chimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa koma chimakhala ndi pulasitiki wabwino komanso kulimba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chitsulocho chimatenthedwa kwambiri komanso kuzizira mofulumira panthawi yozunguliridwa ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kakhale kofanana komanso kupsinjika kwamkati kuchepe.
Kapangidwe ka makina a zitsulo za kaboni zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mpweya zomwe zili nazo komanso njira yochizira kutentha. Zitsulo za kaboni zochepa (AISI 1018, ASTM A36) zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya pafupifupi 400–550 MPa, mphamvu yotulutsa ya pafupifupi 250–350 MPa, komanso kutalika pakadutsa 20–25%. Ndi zofewa, zopindika, komanso zosavuta kuwotcherera kapena kuyika makina. Chitsulo cha kaboni chapakati (AISI 1045), chikakhazikika, chimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 570–700 MPa, koma kusunthika kwake kumachepa. Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri (AISI 1095) chingakhale ndi mphamvu yokoka yoposa 800 MPa, koma chimakhala chofooka pokhapokha ngati chatenthedwa.
Kupatula kaboni, zinthu zina zimagwiranso ntchito pang'ono. Manganese (mpaka 1.65%) imawonjezera mphamvu ndikuchotsa ma oxides mu chitsulo. Phosphorus ndi sulfure zimakhala zochepa (zonse pansi pa 0.05%) kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuzizira komanso kutentha. Zitsulo zina zosalala zimaphikidwa ndi kupakidwa mafuta kuti zichotse mamba ozungulira ndikupereka chitetezo cha dzimbiri kwakanthawi.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chitsulo cha carbon ndi makampani omanga. Zitsulo za flat izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zomangira nyumba, milatho, ndi mapulojekiti ena omanga. Mphamvu ndi kuuma kwawo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri zothandizira katundu wolemera komanso kupereka kukhazikika kwa nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo cha carbon chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga mafelemu, zothandizira, ndi mabulaketi; mawonekedwe ake a flatt amathandiza kuphatikizana m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu za flatt steel kumapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwa mainjiniya ndi akatswiri omanga nyumba.
Kupatula makampani omanga, chitsulo cha carbon steel flat steel chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a magalimoto ndi makina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto, monga chassis, axles, ndi ma suspension system. Chiŵerengero champhamvu kwambiri cha chitsulo cha carbon flat steel flat steel chimalola opanga kupanga zida zopepuka koma zolimba, motero zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a magalimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, m'makampani opanga makina, zinthu zachitsulo flat steel flat zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida ndi zida, ndipo kulimba kwawo komanso kukana kuwonongeka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zigwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kusankha bala loyenera la chitsulo cha kaboni kumafuna kulinganiza zinthu zingapo: mphamvu ya makina (mphamvu, kusinthasintha, kuuma), kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, kutha kwa pamwamba, malo owononga, njira zopangira (kuwotcherera, kukonza makina, kupindika), ndi zoletsa bajeti. Pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, bala lotsika la ASTM A36 lokhala ndi chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni limapereka kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri pankhani ya kupezeka, kuthekera kwa makina, ndi mtengo wake. Pazitsulo zolondola kapena njira zoyendetsera zida zamakina, chitsulo chokokedwa ndi 1018 kapena 1045 chozizira ndi chisankho chabwino. Pazigawo zosweka kwambiri monga zokwapula, chitsulo chochuluka cha kaboni kapena bala lotsika lokonzedwa ndi kutentha chingafunike.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-18-2026
