Chifukwa chitoliro ndichofala kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mabungwe osiyanasiyana amakhalidwe amakhudza kupanga ndi kuyesa chitoliro kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yambiri.
Monga mukuwonera, pali kuphatikizika komanso kusiyana pakati pa mabungwe omwe ogula ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti athe kutsimikizira zolondola zama projekiti awo.
1. ASTM
ASTM International imapereka zinthu zamafakitale ndi miyezo yautumiki m'magawo osiyanasiyana azogulitsa.Bungweli lasindikiza miyezo yopitilira 12,000 yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi.
Zoposa 100 za miyezo imeneyi zimakhudzana ndi chitoliro chachitsulo, machubu, zopangira ndi ma flanges.Mosiyana ndi mabungwe ena omwe amakhudza chitoliro chachitsulo m'mafakitale enaake, miyezo ya ASTM imaphimba mapaipi osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi makampani onse omwe mungaganizire.
Mwachitsanzo, American Piping Products imakhala ndi chitoliro chonse cha A106.Muyezo wa A106 umakwirira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha carbon pa ntchito yotentha kwambiri.Muyezo umenewo sumangochepetsa chitoliro ku ntchito ina iliyonse yamakampani.
2. ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers idayamba kusindikiza miyezo ya zida zamafakitale ndi zida zamakina mu 1880 ndipo yakhala ikuwongolera chitetezo pama boilers ndi zombo zokakamiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.
Monga chitoliro chimayendera limodzi ndi zombo zokakamiza, miyezo ya ASME imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamapaipi m'mafakitale ambiri, monga ASTM.M'malo mwake, miyezo ya ASME ndi ASTM ndiyofanana kwambiri.Nthawi iliyonse mukawona mulingo wa chitoliro ukufotokozedwa ndi 'A' ndi 'SA' —chitsanzo ndi A/SA 333—ndi chizindikiro chakuti zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya ASTM ndi ASME.
3. API
Monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, American Petroleum Institute ndi bungwe lazamalonda lomwe, mwa zina, limapanga ndikusindikiza miyezo ya chitoliro ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani amafuta & gasi.
Mapaipi ovotera pansi pa muyezo wa API amatha kukhala ofanana kwambiri pazinthu ndi kapangidwe ka mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena pansi pamiyezo ina.Miyezo ya API ndi yokhwima kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizanso zofunikira zoyeserera, koma pali kuphatikizika.
Chitoliro cha API 5L, mwachitsanzo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafuta ndi gasi.Muyezowu ndi wofanana ndi A/SA 106 ndi A/SA 53. Magiredi ena a API 5L chitoliro amatsatira miyezo ya A/SA 106 ndi A/SA 53 motero angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosinthana.Koma chitoliro cha A/SA 106 ndi A/SA 53 sichitsatira njira zonse za API 5L.
4. ANSI
American National Standards Institute idakhazikitsidwa kutsatira kusonkhanitsidwa kwamabungwe angapo am'mafakitale mu 1916 ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa miyezo yovomerezana mwaufulu ku US.
ANSI idalumikizana ndi mabungwe ofanana m'maiko ena kupanga International Organisation for Standardization (ISO).Bungwe limasindikiza miyezo yovomerezedwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito m'mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi.ANSI imagwiranso ntchito ngati bungwe lovomerezeka lomwe limavomereza miyezo yopangidwa ndi mabungwe omwe amakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Miyezo yambiri ya ASTM, ASME ndi zina zavomerezedwa ndi ANSI ngati miyezo yovomerezeka wamba.Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi muyezo wa ASME B16 wama flanges, ma valve, zopangira ndi ma gaskets.Muyezowu udapangidwa ndi ASME, koma wavomerezedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndi ANSI.
Zoyesayesa za ANSI zathandiza kutsegula misika yapadziko lonse kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa mapaipi chifukwa cha gawo lake pakukhazikitsa ndi kutengera miyezo yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
5. Wopereka chitoliro choyenera
Ndi zaka zambiri zomwe zikupereka chitoliro kwa makasitomala a mafakitale onse padziko lonse lapansi, Gulu la Jindalai Steel likumvetsetsa zovuta komanso kufunikira kwa miyezo yambiri yomwe imayendetsa kupanga ndi kuyesa chitoliro.Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito zomwezo kuti zipindule bizinesi yanu.Posankha Jindalai ngati wothandizira wanu, mutha kuyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kwa inu m'malo mokhazikika mwatsatanetsatane.Mapaipi achitsulo a Jindalai amatha kukwaniritsa miyezo yonse yomwe tatchulayi.
Ngati muli ndi zosowa zogula, funsani mtengo.Tikupatsirani imodzi yomwe imakupezerani zomwe mukufuna mwachangu.Tumizani kufunsa kwanu ndipo tidzakhala okondwa kukufunsani mwaukadaulo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2022