Cold ntchito kufa zitsulo makamaka ntchito kupondaponda, blanking, kupanga, kupinda, ozizira extrusion, kujambula ozizira, ufa zitsulo amafa, etc. Pamafunika mkulu kuuma, mkulu kuvala kukana ndi kulimba mokwanira. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wamba ndi mtundu wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zitsulo zinayi: 01, A2, D2, ndi D3. Kuyerekeza kwa magulu azitsulo azitsulo zazitsulo zozizira zozizira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 4. Malinga ndi muyezo wa JIS waku Japan, mitundu yayikulu yazitsulo zozizira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi SK mndandanda, kuphatikizapo SK mndandanda. carbon chida zitsulo, 8 SKD mndandanda aloyi chida zitsulo, ndi 9 SKHMO mndandanda zitsulo mkulu-liwiro, kwa okwana 24 zitsulo giredi. China cha GB/T1299-2000 aloyi chida zitsulo muyezo umaphatikizapo okwana 11 zitsulo mitundu, kupanga mndandanda wathunthu. Ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo, zida zosinthidwa komanso kufunikira kwa nkhungu, zoyambira zoyambirira sizingakwaniritse zosowa. Japanese zitsulo mphero ndi chida chachikulu European ndi kufa opanga zitsulo apanga wapadera-cholinga ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anapanga Otsatira ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo mndandanda, chitukuko cha izi ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo ndi chitukuko malangizo a ntchito ozizira kufa zitsulo.
Low aloyi mpweya kuzimitsa ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo
Ndi chitukuko cha luso kutentha kutentha, makamaka ntchito lonse vacuum quenching luso mu makampani nkhungu, pofuna kuchepetsa quenching mapindikidwe, ena otsika aloyi mpweya kuzimitsidwa zitsulo yaying'ono deformation apangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimafuna kuuma kwabwino komanso chithandizo cha kutentha Lili ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, mphamvu yabwino komanso kulimba, ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kovala. Ngakhale zitsulo zozizira kwambiri zokhala ndi aloyi (monga D2, A2) zimakhala zowuma bwino, zimakhala ndi aloyi wambiri ndipo ndizokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, zitsulo zina zotsika za alloy micro-deformation zapangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Chitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu za alloy Cr ndi Mn alloy element kuti zikhale zolimba. Zomwe zili muzinthu za alloy nthawi zambiri zimakhala <5%. Ndizoyenera kupanga magawo olondola okhala ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono opanga. Zoumba zovuta. Makalasi oyimira zitsulo akuphatikizapo A6 ochokera ku United States, ACD37 kuchokera ku Hitachi Metals, G04 kuchokera ku Daido Special Steel, AKS3 kuchokera ku Aichi Steel, ndi zina zotero. ya anasungidwa austenite ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zabwino, kulimba ndi dimensional bata. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoziziritsa kuzizira zomwe zimatha kugwa ndi kusweka. Moyo wautumiki wapamwamba.
Moto kuzimitsa nkhungu chitsulo
Pofuna kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa nkhungu, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira nkhungu. Japan yapanga zitsulo zapadera zoziziritsa kukhosi zozimitsa moto. Zodziwika bwino ndi Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 zitsulo, ndi zina zotero China yapanga 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenthetsa tsamba kapena mbali zina za nkhungu pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya oxyacetylene spray kapena heaters zina pambuyo pa nkhungu kukonzedwa ndiyeno mpweya utakhazikika ndi kuzimitsidwa. Kawirikawiri, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pambuyo pozimitsa. Chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan. Mtundu wachitsulo woyimilira wamtunduwu ndi 7CrSiMnMoV, womwe uli ndi kuuma bwino. Pamene φ80mm chitsulo ndi mafuta kuzimitsidwa, kuuma pa mtunda wa 30mm kuchokera pamwamba akhoza kufika 60HRC. Kusiyana kwa kuuma pakati pa pachimake ndi pamwamba ndi 3HRC. Pamene lawi lamoto lizimitsidwa, Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa 180 ~ 200 ° C ndi kutentha kwa 900-1000 ° C kuti muzimitse ndi mfuti yopopera, kuuma kumatha kufika pa 60HRC ndi wosanjikiza wowuma pamwamba pa 1.5mm angapezeke.
High kulimba, mkulu kuvala kukana ntchito ozizira kufa chitsulo
Pofuna kukonza kulimba kwa ntchito yozizira kufa zitsulo ndi kuchepetsa kukana kuvala kwa chitsulo, ena akuluakulu akunja nkhungu kupanga zitsulo makampani motsatizana anayamba angapo ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo ndi zonse kulimba mkulu ndi mkulu kuvala kukana. Chitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi 1% carbon ndi 8% Cr. Kuphatikiza kwa Mo, V, Si ndi zinthu zina zopangira ma alloying, ma carbides ake ndi abwino, amagawidwa mofanana, ndipo kulimba kwake kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kuposa chitsulo chamtundu wa Cr12, pomwe kukana kwake kumafanana. . Kulimba kwawo, mphamvu zosunthika, mphamvu za kutopa ndi kulimba kwa fracture ndizokwera, ndipo kukhazikika kwawo kotsutsana ndi kutentha kulinso kwapamwamba kuposa Crl2 mtundu wachitsulo wa nkhungu. Ndioyenera nkhonya zothamanga kwambiri komanso nkhonya zamitundu yambiri. Mitundu yachitsulo yoyimilira yamtunduwu ndi DC53 yaku Japan yokhala ndi V otsika ndi CRU-WEAR yokhala ndi V wambiri. DC53 imazimitsidwa pa 1020-1040 ° C ndipo kuuma kumatha kufika 62-63HRC pambuyo pozizira mpweya. Ikhoza kutenthedwa pa kutentha kochepa (180 ~ 200 ℃) ndi kutentha kwakukulu (500 ~ 550 ℃), kulimba kwake kungakhale 1 nthawi kuposa D2, ndipo ntchito yake ya kutopa ndi 20% kuposa D2; pambuyo pa CRU-WEAR yopangira ndikugudubuza, imalowetsedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi 850-870 ℃. Osakwana 30 ℃ / ola, utakhazikika mpaka 650 ℃ ndikumasulidwa, kuuma kumatha kufika 225-255HB, kutentha kozimitsa kumatha kusankhidwa mumitundu ya 1020 ~ 1120 ℃, kuuma kumatha kufika 63HRC, kutenthedwa pa 480 ~ 570 ℃ ku mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi yachiwiri yodziwikiratu Zotsatira zowumitsa, kukana kuvala ndi kulimba ndizabwino kuposa D2.
Chitsulo choyambira (Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri)
Zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa dziko kupanga zitsulo zogwira ntchito kwambiri, zozizira kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kukana kwake kuvala bwino komanso kuuma kwake kofiira, monga chitsulo cha Japan cha SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za nkhungu, kulimba kumakhala bwino pochepetsa kutentha kozimitsa, kuzimitsa kuuma kapena kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon muzitsulo zothamanga kwambiri. Chitsulo cha matrix chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake kake kamafanana ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri pambuyo pozimitsa. Choncho, chiwerengero cha ma carbides otsalira pambuyo pozimitsa ndi ochepa komanso ogawidwa mofanana, omwe amathandizira kwambiri kulimba kwachitsulo poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. United States ndi Japan adaphunzira zitsulo zoyambira ndi VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 ndi MOD2 koyambirira kwa 1970s. Posachedwapa, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, ndi zina zotero zapangidwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhungu zozizira zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa anti-tempering. China yapanganso zitsulo zoyambira, monga 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi ndi zitsulo zina. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso zolimba ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozizira kuzizira, kukhomerera kozizira kwambiri, mawilo akugudubuza ulusi, kuwonekera kumafa, mutu wozizira umafa, etc., ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati extrusion yotentha ikafa.
Ufa zitsulo nkhungu zitsulo
LEDB-mtundu wapamwamba aloyi ozizira ntchito kufa zitsulo opangidwa ndi njira ochiritsira, makamaka zipangizo gawo lalikulu, ali coarse eutectic carbides ndi kugawa m'goli, amene kwambiri amachepetsa toughness, grindability ndi isotropy zitsulo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani akuluakulu akunja apadera azitsulo omwe amapanga chida ndi kufa zitsulo akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zamtundu wa ufa wothamanga kwambiri komanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chofulumira cha zitsulo zamtundu uwu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yazitsulo za ufa, ufa wa zitsulo wa atomized umazizira mofulumira ndipo ma carbides omwe amapangidwa ndi abwino komanso yunifolomu, omwe amathandizira kwambiri kulimba, kusungunuka ndi isotropy ya zinthu za nkhungu. Chifukwa cha kupanga kwapadera kumeneku, ma carbides ndi abwino komanso ofanana, ndipo makina opangidwa ndi kugaya amapangidwa bwino, kulola kuti mpweya wa carbon ndi vanadium uwonjezedwe muzitsulo, motero kupanga mitundu yatsopano yazitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa Japan wa Datong's DEX (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, etc.), mndandanda wa Hitachi Metal's HAP, Fujikoshi's FAX series, UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, France's Erasteel's ASP series, ndi kampani ya American CRUCIBLE ya ufa wa ufa akupanga zitsulo mofulumira ndi kufa. . Kupanga angapo zitsulo ufa zitsulo monga CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, etc., awo kuvala kukana ndi toughness kwambiri bwino poyerekeza ndi chida ndi kufa zitsulo chopangidwa ndi njira wamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-02-2024