Chitsulo chozizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poponda, kubisa, kupanga, kupindika, kutulutsa kozizira, kujambula kozizira, ma dies a ufa, ndi zina zotero. Chimafuna kuuma kwambiri, kukana kuvala kwambiri komanso kulimba kokwanira. Nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wamba ndi mtundu wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chozizira chogwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi magiredi anayi achitsulo: 01, A2, D2, ndi D3. Kuyerekeza kwa magiredi achitsulo a chitsulo chozizira chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko osiyanasiyana kwawonetsedwa mu Gome 4. Malinga ndi muyezo wa JIS waku Japan, mitundu yayikulu ya chitsulo chozizira chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi SK series, kuphatikiza SK series carbon tool steel, 8 SKD series alloy tool steels, ndi 9 SKHMO series high-speed steels, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magiredi 24 achitsulo. Muyezo wa chitsulo chozizira cha GB/T1299-2000 ku China umaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yachitsulo 11, kupanga mndandanda wathunthu. Ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wopangira, zida zokonzedwa komanso kufunikira kwa nkhungu, mndandanda woyambirira sungathe kukwaniritsa zosowa. Makampani opanga zitsulo aku Japan ndi opanga zida zazikulu zaku Europe apanga zitsulo zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yapadera, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapanga mndandanda wazitsulo zozizira, ndipo chitukuko cha zitsulo zozizira izi ndi njira yopangira zitsulo zozizira.
Low aloyi mpweya wozimitsa ozizira ntchito die zitsulo
Popeza ukadaulo wothira kutentha ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothira vacuum mumakampani opanga nkhungu, kuti achepetse kusintha kwa kuzima, zitsulo zina zozimitsidwa mpweya zomwe sizimapangidwa bwino zapangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimafuna kulimba bwino komanso chithandizo cha kutentha. Chimapangidwa pang'ono, mphamvu yabwino komanso kulimba, ndipo chimakhala ndi kukana kutopa. Ngakhale chitsulo chokhazikika chozizira kwambiri (monga D2, A2) chimakhala ndi kulimba bwino, chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothira ndipo ndi chokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, zitsulo zina zothira pang'ono zapangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Chitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu za Cr ndi Mn alloy kuti chiwongolere kulimba. Zinthu zonse za alloy nthawi zambiri zimakhala <5%. Ndi yoyenera kupanga zigawo zolondola ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono opanga. Zinyalala zovuta. Magulu achitsulo oimira A6 ochokera ku United States, ACD37 ochokera ku Hitachi Metals, G04 ochokera ku Daido Special Steel, AKS3 ochokera ku Aichi Steel, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulo cha Chinese GD, chitatha kuzimitsidwa pa 900°C ndikutenthedwa pa 200°C, chimatha kusunga kuchuluka kwa austenite yosungidwa ndipo chili ndi mphamvu zabwino, kulimba komanso kukhazikika kwa magawo. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ma dies ozizira omwe amatha kusweka ndi kusweka. Chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito.
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi nkhungu chozimitsidwa ndi moto
Pofuna kufupikitsa nthawi yopangira nkhungu, kuchepetsa njira yochizira kutentha, kusunga mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga nkhungu. Japan yapanga zitsulo zapadera zoziziritsa moto zomwe zimafunika kuzimitsa moto. Zodziwika bwino ndi monga Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, ndi zina zotero. China yapanga 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Mtundu uwu wa chitsulo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha tsamba kapena zigawo zina za nkhungu pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya oxyacetylene spray kapena zotenthetsera zina nkhungu ikakonzedwa kenako nkuziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndikuzimitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji itatha kuzimitsidwa. Chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan. Mtundu wachitsulo woyimira wa chitsulo chamtunduwu ndi 7CrSiMnMoV, chomwe chimakhala cholimba bwino. Chitsulo cha φ80mm chikazimitsidwa mafuta, kuuma kwa mtunda wa 30mm kuchokera pamwamba kumatha kufika 60HRC. Kusiyana kwa kuuma pakati pa pakati ndi pamwamba ndi 3HRC. Mukazima moto, Mukatha kutenthetsa pa 180 ~ 200°C ndikutenthetsa mpaka 900-1000°C kuti muzimitse ndi mfuti yopopera, kuuma kumatha kufika pa 60HRC ndipo wosanjikiza wolimba woposa 1.5mm ungapezeke.
Kulimba kwambiri, kukana kwambiri ntchito yozizira
Pofuna kulimbitsa kulimba kwa chitsulo chozizira komanso kuchepetsa kukana kwa chitsulocho, makampani ena akuluakulu opanga zitsulo zakunja apanga chitsulo chozizira chomwe chimakhala cholimba komanso chokana kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa chitsulo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi 1% ya kaboni ndi 8% Cr. Powonjezera Mo, V, Si ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza, ma carbide ake ndi abwino, ogawidwa mofanana, ndipo kulimba kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa chitsulo chamtundu wa Cr12, pomwe kukana kwake kumawoneka kofanana. . Kuuma kwawo, mphamvu yosinthasintha, mphamvu yotopa ndi kulimba kwa kusweka ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kukhazikika kwawo kotsutsana ndi kutentha ndikokwera kuposa chitsulo chamtundu wa Crl2. Ndi oyenera kuponda mwachangu komanso kuponda m'malo ambiri. Mitundu yachitsulo yoyimira yamtunduwu wa chitsulo ndi DC53 yaku Japan yokhala ndi V yochepa ndi CRU-WEAR yokhala ndi V yambiri. DC53 imazimitsidwa pa 1020-1040°C ndipo kuuma kumatha kufika 62-63HRC mpweya utazizira. Ikhoza kutenthedwa pa kutentha kochepa (180 ~ 200℃) ndi kutentha kwambiri (500~ 550℃), kulimba kwake kungakhale kokwera ka 1 kuposa D2, ndipo kutopa kwake kumakhala kokwera ndi 20% kuposa D2; CRU-WEAR ikatha kupanga ndi kuzunguliza, imachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa pa 850-870℃. Pasanathe 30℃/ola, ikazizira mpaka 650℃ ndikutulutsidwa, kulimba kumatha kufika 225-255HB, kutentha kozimitsa kumatha kusankhidwa pakati pa 1020~ 1120℃, kulimba kumatha kufika 63HRC, kutenthedwa pa 480~ 570℃ malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi kuonekera kwachiwiri. Kulimba, kukana kuvala ndi kulimba kuli bwino kuposa D2.
Chitsulo choyambira (chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri)
Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja kwa dziko kupanga nkhungu zogwira ntchito mozizira zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kukana kwake kuwonongeka komanso kuuma kofiira, monga chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri cha ku Japan SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kuti chigwirizane ndi zofunikira za nkhungu, kulimba kwake nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka mwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kuzimitsa, kuzimitsa kuuma kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. Chitsulo cha matrix chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kofanana ndi kapangidwe ka matrix ka chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chitatha kuzimitsa. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma carbide otsala pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kochepa komanso kogawidwa mofanana, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kulimba kwa chitsulo poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. United States ndi Japan adaphunzira zitsulo zoyambira zokhala ndi magiredi a VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 ndi MOD2 kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Posachedwapa, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, ndi zina zotero zapangidwa. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhungu zogwira ntchito zozizira zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa anti-tempering. China yapanganso zitsulo zina zoyambira, monga 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi ndi zitsulo zina. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chili ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zinthu zozizira, kuponda zinthu zozizira, mawilo ozungulira ulusi, ma impression dies, ma cold heading dies, ndi zina zotero, ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma warm extrusion dies.
Zitsulo zopangira ufa
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi LEDB chokhala ndi ma alloy ambiri chopangidwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe, makamaka zipangizo zazikulu, chili ndi ma carbide osalala komanso kugawa kosagwirizana, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kulimba, kugayidwa ndi isotropy ya chitsulocho. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani akuluakulu akunja achitsulo apadera omwe amapanga zida ndi zitsulo akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zingapo zopanga zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri komanso zitsulo zopanga ... Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa DEX wa ku Japan wa Datong (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, ndi zina zotero), mndandanda wa HAP wa Hitachi Metal, mndandanda wa FAX wa Fujikoshi, mndandanda wa VANADIS wa UDDEHOLM, mndandanda wa ASP wa ku France wa Erasteel, ndi chida chachitsulo cha ufa cha kampani ya American CRUCIBLE ndi chitsulo cha ufa zikukula mofulumira. Kupanga mndandanda wa zitsulo zachitsulo za ufa monga CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, ndi zina zotero, kukana kwawo kuwonongeka ndi kulimba kwawo kumawonjezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsulo ndi zida zopangidwa ndi njira wamba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-02-2024
