Chidziwitso cha zinthu ndi chitukuko cha machubu a mkuwa ndi mkuwa

Mapaipi a mkuwaZigawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mapaipi amkuwa oyera ndi mapaipi amkuwa. Mapaipi amkuwa oyera amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zokhala ndi mitundu monga T2, T3, T4, ndi TUP, ndipo ali ndi mkuwa wambiri, woposa 99.7%. Mkuwa woyera ukhoza kuonedwa ngati mkuwa woyera, wokhala ndi mtundu wofiira wofiirira, ndichifukwa chake dzinalo limatchedwa. Mkuwa woyera wa T2 uli ndi mkuwa woposa 99.90%, pomwe mkuwa woyera wa T3 uli ndi mkuwa woposa 99.7%. Mkuwa woyera wa T3 uli ndi zinthu zodetsedwa pang'ono kuposa mkuwa woyera wa T2. Pazofunikira kwambiri pa conductivity, T2 imalimbikitsidwa; pa conductivity yochepa, mphamvu yayikulu, komanso ndalama zochepa, T3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mapaipi amkuwaamapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zokhala ndi mitundu monga H59, H62, H68, HPb59, ndi HSn70, zomwe zonse ndi zitsulo za zinc ndi mkuwa. Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro cha mkuwa cha H62 chili ndi kapangidwe ka mkuwa ka 60.5%.–63.5%, zinc ya 39.6%, ndi zinthu zina zodetsedwa zosakwana 0.5%.

Mapaipi a mkuwa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri: kujambula ndi kutulutsa. Mapaipi a mkuwa okokedwa ali ndi mainchesi akunja a 3-200mm, pomwe mapaipi a mkuwa okokedwa ali ndi mainchesi akunja a 32-280mm ndi makulidwe a khoma a 1.5-5mm. Mapaipi ozungulira mbale ya mkuwa ali ndi mainchesi akunja a 155-505mm, ndipo amaperekedwa m'zidutswa chimodzi kapena zozungulira. Mapaipi a mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi otsatirira kutentha, ndi mapaipi olekanitsa mpweya.

Mkuwa wopanda mpweya nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mkuwa woposa 99.95% ndipo uli ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sungapitirire 0.003%. Uli ndi chiyero chapamwamba kuposa mkuwa weniweni ndipo ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ulinso ndi mtundu wowala komanso kuwala kwachitsulo kwabwino pansi pa kuwala. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zingwe zotumizira ma data a chizindikiro, ma semiconductor chips, aerospace, transformer inductors, ndi zida zina zolondola kwambiri komanso zigawo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, makampani opanga mapaipi amkuwa akuyang'ana kwambiri mbali zitatu: magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kusamala chilengedwe, komanso nzeru zambiri.

Mosiyana ndi kale, pamene mkuwa unkangogwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu, tsopano, powonjezera chitsulo chapadera ndikuwongolera njira zopangira, machubu olondola a mkuwa amapangidwa omwe si olimba komanso okhazikika komanso osagwira dzimbiri, komanso odziyeretsa okha komanso opha mabakiteriya. Machubu a mkuwa awa adapangidwira makamaka zida zapamwamba monga malo oyambira a 5G ndi makina oziziritsira m'magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, omwe amatha kupirira kufunikira kwakukulu.

Mafakitale ambiri tsopano akusiya njira zakale komanso zovuta m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi komanso zopitilira zopangira, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wambiri wobwezerezedwanso ngati zopangira. Akuyang'aniranso mpweya woipa wa carbon pa sitepe iliyonse, akuyesetsa kupanga njira yochepetsera carbon, komanso kubwezeretsanso zinyalala.

Machitidwe a fakitale tsopano akuyendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo wa digito kuti azitha kuwongolera khalidwe ndikulola kusintha kosinthika kwa kupanga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha mwachangu ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machubu amkuwa. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zovuta monga photovoltaic yolumikizidwa, kusungira mphamvu, ndi makina ochaja, ndi zosinthira kutentha zogwira mtima kwambiri, zimafuna machubu amkuwa okhala ndi zofunikira zinazake, zomwe tsopano zitha kuperekedwa molondola.